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U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmarks: Q1 2021

NREL has been modeling U.S. solar photovoltaic (PV) system costs since 2009. This year, our report benchmarks costs of U.S. PV for residential, commercial, and utility-scale systems, with and without storage, built in the first quarter of 2021 (Q1 2021). The methodology includes b...

Ramasamy and FeldmanNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Nov 08, 2021
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National Summary Statistics for Depot-Based Medium and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Operations

This file provides nationally aggregated summary statistics to characterize the daily operations of medium and heavy duty vehicles. It provides typical daily driving distances, domicile dwell durations, and one version of potential normalized electric vehicle depot charging load c...

Bruchon. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Feb 27, 2024
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CloudCV 10-Second Sky Images and Irradiance Dataset

The CloudCV 10-Second Sky Image and Irradiance Dataset contains sky images and irradiance measurements recorded every 10 seconds during daylight hours for 90 days between September 5th to December 3rd, 2019. The dataset was collected at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NR...

Perr-Sauer. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Oct 01, 2024
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NREL Biomethane GIS Data

This dataset contains information about the biomass resources generated by county in the United States. It includes the following feedstock categories: crop residues, forest residues, primary mill residues, secondary mill residues, and urban wood waste. The estimates are based ...

MilbrandtNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Apr 25, 2016
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NREL Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (SRRL): Baseline Measurement System (BMS), Golden, Colorado

The Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (SRRL) was established at the Solar Energy Research Institute (now NREL) in 1981 to provide continuous measurements of the solar resources, outdoor calibrations of pyranometers and pyrheliometers, and to characterize commercially available i...

Stoffel and AndreasNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

May 04, 2015
2 Resources
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2018 Industrial Energy Data Book

The Industrial Energy Data Book (IEDB) aggregates and synthesizes information on the trends in industrial energy use, energy prices, economic activity, and water use. The IEDB also estimates county-level industrial energy use and combustion energy use of large energy-using facilit...

McMillanNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Nov 14, 2019
4 Resources
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Caerbannog Point Clouds

The Caerbannog Point Clouds provide point-sampled 3D models occluded in clouds of points. We synthesized the 3D point clouds from polygonal models, point-sampling the models and surrounding them in a point cloud such that the shape of the model is occluded in any 2D projection. We...

Raghupathi. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Dec 01, 2020
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Bifacial Vertical Testbed and Ground Irradiance Data in Golden, Colorado

This data was collected for Tonita et al., “Vertical bifacial photovoltaic system model validation: study with field data, various orientations, and latitudes,” for validation of optical models for vertically-oriented photovoltaics under high albedo. Ground irradiance data for...

Ovaitt. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Dec 06, 2024
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Community Solar Resource Database

NREL has updated a database of publicly available resources related to community solar in the U.S., including journal articles, reports, fact sheets, slides, videos, datasets, webinars, and other formats. This effort aims to compile resources that would benefit all partners intere...

Burton and XuNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Oct 27, 2022
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PV_window_building_study

Data associated with the paper “Photovoltaic Windows to Offset the Intensive Energy and Carbon Footprints of Highly Glazed Buildings” by Vincent M. Wheeler, Janghyun Kim, Tom Daligault, Bryan Rosales, Chaiwat Engtrakul, Robert C. Tenent, and Lance M. Wheeler

WheelerNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Oct 23, 2022
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Fuel Cell Inverter Transition Between Modes of Operation (Grid-Forming and Grid-Following)

This data set shows the operation of the fuel cell inverter under grid-forming mode of operation, grid-following mode of operation and transition between the two modes.

Nemsow. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Dec 23, 2024
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Corresponding Standard Reference Material Data used in Partial Least Squares Regression Models for Sugar Composition Estimates in Biomass in: Economic Impact of Yield and Composition Variation in Bioenergy Crops: Populus trichocarpa

Corresponding Standard Reference Material Data used in Partial Least Squares Regression Models for Sugar Composition Estimates in Biomass in: Economic Impact of Yield and Composition Variation in Bioenergy Crops: Populus trichocarpa (for corresponding manuscript: DOI: 10.1002/bbb....

Happs. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Mar 16, 2022
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Municipal Franchise Agreements and Energy Objectives

This data set includes franchise agreement-related information from 3,538 municipalities nationwide including data on franchise length, fees, agreement language, and energy objectives.

Cook and GrunwaldNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Dec 04, 2019
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Deep Green Unannotated Protein Structures

The Deep Green list is based on the identification and curation of conserved unannotated proteins in three green lineage (Viridiplantae) model organisms; Arabidopsis thaliana, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Setaria viridis. Preliminary characterization of Deep Green proteins and g...

Knoshaug. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Apr 20, 2023
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ResStock Communities Local Energy Action Program (Communities LEAP) Pilot Residential Housing Analysis

Data is associated with Report "ResStock Communities LEAP Pilot Residential Housing Analysis Detailed Methodology" by Lixi Liu, Jes Brossman, Yingli Lou technical report number NREL/TP-5500-88058. Results outline the potential impacts of the energy efficiency and electrification r...

Liu. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Nov 28, 2023
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Industrial Facility Combustion Energy Use

Facility-level industrial combustion energy use is calculated from greenhouse gas emissions data reported by large emitters (>25,000 metric tons CO2e per year) under the U.S. EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP, https://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting). The calculation applies ...

McMillanNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Jul 19, 2016
2 Resources
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TMY3 Weather Data for ComStock and ResStock

A set of TMY3 EPW weather files for each county of the U.S. NOTE: A file was uploaded on 2022/10/05 with additions to address known missing data for Nolan County, TX (FIPS: 48353), Fisher County, TX (FIPS: 48151), and Stonewall County, TX (FIPS: 48433).

Bianchi and FontaniniNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Jan 12, 2021
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U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System Cost Benchmark Q1 2018

NREL has been modeling U.S. photovoltaic PV system costs since 2009. The U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System CostBenchmark Q1 2018 report benchmarks costs of U.S. solar PV for residential commercial and utility-scale systems built in the first quarter of 2018 Q1 2018. THE methodology i...

Fu. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Mar 15, 2019
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dGen (Distributed Generation Market Demand) Model Data: Version 1.0.0 Agents

Open sourced agent files needed to run version 1.0.0 of the dGen model. Contains all national, ISO, and state level residential and commercial agents.

Stanley. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Aug 10, 2021
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ATP3 Unified Field Study Data

ATP3 Unified Field Study DataThe Algae Testbed Public-Private Partnership ATP3 was established with the goal of investigating open pond algae cultivation across different geographic climatic seasonal and operational conditions while setting the benchmark for quality data collectio...

Wolfrum. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Oct 19, 2017
17 Resources
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Modeled Electricity Demand Profiles for Federal, State, and Municipal Electric Vehicle Fleets in the United States

Federal, state, and municipal electric vehicle fleet hourly load datasets at the Uber H3 hex, county, and city resolutions, as described in Singer et al. (2025).Please cite as:Singer, Mark, Cabell Hodge, Kara Podkaminer, and Brennan Borlaug. 2025. Initial Estimate of Electricity D...

Singer. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Jan 16, 2025
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University of Texas Panamerican (UTPA): Solar Radiation Lab (SRL); Edinburg, Texas (Data)

This measurement station monitors global horizontal, direct normal, and diffuse horizontal irradiance to define the amount of solar energy that hits this particular location.

Ramos and AndreasNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Dec 17, 2014
2 Resources
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Fuel Cell Inverter Dataset

This data set contains the three phase AC voltage, three phase AC current, DC voltage and DC current. These data sets were captured during fuel cell inverter operation in grid-connected dispatch, islanded load changes, transition from grid-connected mode to islanded mode and vice-...

Prabakar. . et al National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Oct 21, 2024
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Modeled Electricity Demand Profiles for Electric Airport Ground Support Equipment in the United States

Electric airport ground support equipment (eGSE) hourly annual (8760) load datasets for the top 50 U.S. airports (by enplanements), as described in Liu et al. (2025).Please cite as:Liu, Bo, Kevin Robby, Jayaraj Rane, Adway Das, Kara Podkaminer, and Brennan Borlaug. 2025. Initial E...