Observation-Based Wind Dataset with Copula-based Bias Correction and Multi-Model Fusion at 23 U.S. Locations
The Observation-Based Wind Dataset provides hourly wind speed data from 2015-2020 at 23 geographically diverse locations across the United States. The dataset includes original physics-based model outputs, bias-corrected model outputs, and an integrated probabilistic wind product referred to as the Super-State.
Source datasets include ERA5, MERRA2, and Sup3rCC wind speed products. Bias correction was performed using an observation-based copula-based framework that combines flexible Bulk-and-Tails (BATs) distributions with dependence-aware copula modeling to align model outputs with site observations while preserving both typical and extreme wind behavior. The framework correct biases in the full wind speed distribution including both bulk and tail extreme events.
Following bias correction, the corrected ERA5 and MERRA2 datasets were integrated using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to produce the Super-State wind product. The Super-State combines complementary information from multiple physics-based datasets while accounting for model skill and uncertainty, which results in improved agreement with observations relative to individual datasets.
Citation Formats
TY - DATA
AB - The Observation-Based Wind Dataset provides hourly wind speed data from 2015-2020 at 23 geographically diverse locations across the United States. The dataset includes original physics-based model outputs, bias-corrected model outputs, and an integrated probabilistic wind product referred to as the Super-State.
Source datasets include ERA5, MERRA2, and Sup3rCC wind speed products. Bias correction was performed using an observation-based copula-based framework that combines flexible Bulk-and-Tails (BATs) distributions with dependence-aware copula modeling to align model outputs with site observations while preserving both typical and extreme wind behavior. The framework correct biases in the full wind speed distribution including both bulk and tail extreme events.
Following bias correction, the corrected ERA5 and MERRA2 datasets were integrated using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to produce the Super-State wind product. The Super-State combines complementary information from multiple physics-based datasets while accounting for model skill and uncertainty, which results in improved agreement with observations relative to individual datasets.
AU - Zhang, Wenqi
A2 - Bessac, Julie
A3 - Satkauskas, Ignas
A4 - Krock, Mitchell
DB - Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI)
DP - Open EI | National Laboratory of the Rockies
DO -
KW - energy
KW - power
LA - English
DA - 2026/06/15
PY - 2026
PB - National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR)
T1 - Observation-Based Wind Dataset with Copula-based Bias Correction and Multi-Model Fusion at 23 U.S. Locations
UR - https://data.openei.org/submissions/8710
ER -
Zhang, Wenqi, et al. Observation-Based Wind Dataset with Copula-based Bias Correction and Multi-Model Fusion at 23 U.S. Locations. National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), 15 June, 2026, Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI). https://data.openei.org/submissions/8710.
Zhang, W., Bessac, J., Satkauskas, I., & Krock, M. (2026). Observation-Based Wind Dataset with Copula-based Bias Correction and Multi-Model Fusion at 23 U.S. Locations. [Data set]. Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI). National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR). https://data.openei.org/submissions/8710
Zhang, Wenqi, Julie Bessac, Ignas Satkauskas, and Mitchell Krock. Observation-Based Wind Dataset with Copula-based Bias Correction and Multi-Model Fusion at 23 U.S. Locations. National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), June, 15, 2026. Distributed by Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI). https://data.openei.org/submissions/8710
@misc{OEDI_Dataset_8710,
title = {Observation-Based Wind Dataset with Copula-based Bias Correction and Multi-Model Fusion at 23 U.S. Locations},
author = {Zhang, Wenqi and Bessac, Julie and Satkauskas, Ignas and Krock, Mitchell},
abstractNote = {The Observation-Based Wind Dataset provides hourly wind speed data from 2015-2020 at 23 geographically diverse locations across the United States. The dataset includes original physics-based model outputs, bias-corrected model outputs, and an integrated probabilistic wind product referred to as the Super-State.
Source datasets include ERA5, MERRA2, and Sup3rCC wind speed products. Bias correction was performed using an observation-based copula-based framework that combines flexible Bulk-and-Tails (BATs) distributions with dependence-aware copula modeling to align model outputs with site observations while preserving both typical and extreme wind behavior. The framework correct biases in the full wind speed distribution including both bulk and tail extreme events.
Following bias correction, the corrected ERA5 and MERRA2 datasets were integrated using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) to produce the Super-State wind product. The Super-State combines complementary information from multiple physics-based datasets while accounting for model skill and uncertainty, which results in improved agreement with observations relative to individual datasets. },
url = {https://data.openei.org/submissions/8710},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI), National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR), https://data.openei.org/submissions/8710},
note = {Accessed: 2026-07-12}
}
Details
Data from Jun 15, 2026
Last updated Jun 15, 2026
Submission in progress
Organization
National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR)
Contact
Wenqi Zhang
Authors
Research Areas
DOE Project Details
Project Name Enhanced fine-scale statistical modeling of environmental extreme events in complex systems from multiple sources
Project Number ERW7729
