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BuildingsBench: A Large-Scale Dataset of 900K Buildings and Benchmark for Short-Term Load Forecasting

Publicly accessible License 

The BuildingsBench datasets consist of:

- Buildings-900K: A large-scale dataset of 900K buildings for pretraining models on the task of short-term load forecasting (STLF). Buildings-900K is statistically representative of the entire U.S. building stock.
- 7 real residential and commercial building datasets for benchmarking two downstream tasks evaluating generalization: zero-shot STLF and transfer learning for STLF.

Buildings-900K can be used for pretraining models on day-ahead STLF for residential and commercial buildings. The specific gap it fills is the lack of large-scale and diverse time series datasets of sufficient size for studying pretraining and finetuning with scalable machine learning models. Buildings-900K consists of synthetically generated energy consumption time series. It is derived from the NREL End-Use Load Profiles (EULP) dataset (see link to this database in the links further below). However, the EULP was not originally developed for the purpose of STLF. Rather, it was developed to "...help electric utilities, grid operators, manufacturers, government entities, and research organizations make critical decisions about prioritizing research and development, utility resource and distribution system planning, and state and local energy planning and regulation." Similar to the EULP, Buildings-900K is a collection of Parquet files and it follows nearly the same Parquet dataset organization as the EULP. As it only contains a single energy consumption time series per building, it is much smaller (~110 GB).

BuildingsBench also provides an evaluation benchmark that is a collection of various open source residential and commercial real building energy consumption datasets. The evaluation datasets, which are provided alongside Buildings-900K below, are collections of CSV files which contain annual energy consumption. The size of the evaluation datasets altogether is less than 1GB, and they are listed out below:

1. ElectricityLoadDiagrams20112014
2. Building Data Genome Project-2
3. Individual household electric power consumption (Sceaux)
4. Borealis
5. SMART
6. IDEAL
7. Low Carbon London

A README file providing details about how the data is stored and describing the organization of the datasets can be found within each data lake version under BuildingsBench.

Citation Formats

TY - DATA AB - The BuildingsBench datasets consist of: - Buildings-900K: A large-scale dataset of 900K buildings for pretraining models on the task of short-term load forecasting (STLF). Buildings-900K is statistically representative of the entire U.S. building stock. - 7 real residential and commercial building datasets for benchmarking two downstream tasks evaluating generalization: zero-shot STLF and transfer learning for STLF. Buildings-900K can be used for pretraining models on day-ahead STLF for residential and commercial buildings. The specific gap it fills is the lack of large-scale and diverse time series datasets of sufficient size for studying pretraining and finetuning with scalable machine learning models. Buildings-900K consists of synthetically generated energy consumption time series. It is derived from the NREL End-Use Load Profiles (EULP) dataset (see link to this database in the links further below). However, the EULP was not originally developed for the purpose of STLF. Rather, it was developed to "...help electric utilities, grid operators, manufacturers, government entities, and research organizations make critical decisions about prioritizing research and development, utility resource and distribution system planning, and state and local energy planning and regulation." Similar to the EULP, Buildings-900K is a collection of Parquet files and it follows nearly the same Parquet dataset organization as the EULP. As it only contains a single energy consumption time series per building, it is much smaller (~110 GB). BuildingsBench also provides an evaluation benchmark that is a collection of various open source residential and commercial real building energy consumption datasets. The evaluation datasets, which are provided alongside Buildings-900K below, are collections of CSV files which contain annual energy consumption. The size of the evaluation datasets altogether is less than 1GB, and they are listed out below: 1. ElectricityLoadDiagrams20112014 2. Building Data Genome Project-2 3. Individual household electric power consumption (Sceaux) 4. Borealis 5. SMART 6. IDEAL 7. Low Carbon London A README file providing details about how the data is stored and describing the organization of the datasets can be found within each data lake version under BuildingsBench. AU - Emami, Patrick A2 - Graf, Peter DB - Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI) DP - Open EI | National Renewable Energy Laboratory DO - 10.25984/1986147 KW - energy KW - power KW - short-term KW - load forecasting KW - buildings KW - deep learning KW - pretraining KW - transfer learning KW - benchmark KW - dataset KW - EULP KW - end use load profiles KW - STLF KW - residential KW - commercial KW - machine learning KW - processed data LA - English DA - 2018/12/31 PY - 2018 PB - National Renewable Energy Laboratory T1 - BuildingsBench: A Large-Scale Dataset of 900K Buildings and Benchmark for Short-Term Load Forecasting UR - https://doi.org/10.25984/1986147 ER -
Export Citation to RIS
Emami, Patrick, and Peter Graf. BuildingsBench: A Large-Scale Dataset of 900K Buildings and Benchmark for Short-Term Load Forecasting. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 31 December, 2018, Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI). https://doi.org/10.25984/1986147.
Emami, P., & Graf, P. (2018). BuildingsBench: A Large-Scale Dataset of 900K Buildings and Benchmark for Short-Term Load Forecasting. [Data set]. Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.25984/1986147
Emami, Patrick and Peter Graf. BuildingsBench: A Large-Scale Dataset of 900K Buildings and Benchmark for Short-Term Load Forecasting. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, December, 31, 2018. Distributed by Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI). https://doi.org/10.25984/1986147
@misc{OEDI_Dataset_5859, title = {BuildingsBench: A Large-Scale Dataset of 900K Buildings and Benchmark for Short-Term Load Forecasting}, author = {Emami, Patrick and Graf, Peter}, abstractNote = {The BuildingsBench datasets consist of:

- Buildings-900K: A large-scale dataset of 900K buildings for pretraining models on the task of short-term load forecasting (STLF). Buildings-900K is statistically representative of the entire U.S. building stock.
- 7 real residential and commercial building datasets for benchmarking two downstream tasks evaluating generalization: zero-shot STLF and transfer learning for STLF.

Buildings-900K can be used for pretraining models on day-ahead STLF for residential and commercial buildings. The specific gap it fills is the lack of large-scale and diverse time series datasets of sufficient size for studying pretraining and finetuning with scalable machine learning models. Buildings-900K consists of synthetically generated energy consumption time series. It is derived from the NREL End-Use Load Profiles (EULP) dataset (see link to this database in the links further below). However, the EULP was not originally developed for the purpose of STLF. Rather, it was developed to "...help electric utilities, grid operators, manufacturers, government entities, and research organizations make critical decisions about prioritizing research and development, utility resource and distribution system planning, and state and local energy planning and regulation." Similar to the EULP, Buildings-900K is a collection of Parquet files and it follows nearly the same Parquet dataset organization as the EULP. As it only contains a single energy consumption time series per building, it is much smaller (~110 GB).

BuildingsBench also provides an evaluation benchmark that is a collection of various open source residential and commercial real building energy consumption datasets. The evaluation datasets, which are provided alongside Buildings-900K below, are collections of CSV files which contain annual energy consumption. The size of the evaluation datasets altogether is less than 1GB, and they are listed out below:

1. ElectricityLoadDiagrams20112014
2. Building Data Genome Project-2
3. Individual household electric power consumption (Sceaux)
4. Borealis
5. SMART
6. IDEAL
7. Low Carbon London

A README file providing details about how the data is stored and describing the organization of the datasets can be found within each data lake version under BuildingsBench.}, url = {https://data.openei.org/submissions/5859}, year = {2018}, howpublished = {Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI), National Renewable Energy Laboratory, https://doi.org/10.25984/1986147}, note = {Accessed: 2025-04-27}, doi = {10.25984/1986147} }
https://dx.doi.org/10.25984/1986147

Details

Data from Dec 31, 2018

Last updated Jan 11, 2024

Submitted May 30, 2023

Organization

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Contact

Patrick Emami

904.962.8293

Authors

Patrick Emami

National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL

Peter Graf

National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL

DOE Project Details

Project Name Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD)

Project Number 08GO28308

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