End-Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock
DOI
10.25984/1876417
Publicly accessible
License
The United States is embarking on an ambitious transition to a 100% clean energy economy by 2050, which will require improving the flexibility of electric grids. One way to achieve grid flexibility is to shed or shift demand to align with changing grid needs. To facilitate this, it is critical to understand how and when energy is used. High quality end-use load profiles (EULPs) provide this information, and can help cities, states, and utilities understand the time-sensitive value of energy efficiency, demand response, and distributed energy resources. Publicly available EULPs have traditionally had limited application because of age and incomplete geographic representation. To help fill this gap, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funded a three-year project, End-Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock, that culminated in this publicly available dataset of calibrated and validated 15-minute resolution load profiles for all major residential and commercial building types and end uses, across all climate regions in the United States. These EULPs were created by calibrating the ResStock and ComStock physics-based building stock models using many different measured datasets, as described in the "Technical Report Documenting Methodology" linked in the submission.
Citation Formats
TY - DATA
AB - The United States is embarking on an ambitious transition to a 100% clean energy economy by 2050, which will require improving the flexibility of electric grids. One way to achieve grid flexibility is to shed or shift demand to align with changing grid needs. To facilitate this, it is critical to understand how and when energy is used. High quality end-use load profiles (EULPs) provide this information, and can help cities, states, and utilities understand the time-sensitive value of energy efficiency, demand response, and distributed energy resources. Publicly available EULPs have traditionally had limited application because of age and incomplete geographic representation. To help fill this gap, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funded a three-year project, End-Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock, that culminated in this publicly available dataset of calibrated and validated 15-minute resolution load profiles for all major residential and commercial building types and end uses, across all climate regions in the United States. These EULPs were created by calibrating the ResStock and ComStock physics-based building stock models using many different measured datasets, as described in the "Technical Report Documenting Methodology" linked in the submission.
AU - Wilson, Eric
A2 - Parker, Andrew
A3 - Fontanini, Anthony
A4 - Present, Elaina
A5 - Reyna, Janet
A6 - Adhikari, Rajendra
A7 - Bianchi, Carlo
A8 - CaraDonna, Christopher
A9 - Dahlhausen, Matthew
A10 - Kim, Janghyun
A11 - LeBar, Amy
A12 - Liu, Lixi
A13 - Praprost, Marlena
A14 - White, Philip
A15 - Zhang, Liang
A16 - DeWitt, Peter
A17 - Merket, Noel
A18 - Speake, Andrew
A19 - Hong, Tianzhen
A20 - Li, Han
A21 - Mims Frick, Natalie
A22 - Wang, Zhe
A23 - Blair, Aileen
A24 - Horsey, Henry
A25 - Roberts, David
A26 - Trenbath, Kim
A27 - Adekanye, Oluwatobi
A28 - Bonnema, Eric
A29 - El Kontar, Rawad
A30 - Gonzalez, Jonathan
A31 - Horowitz, Scott
A32 - Jones, Dalton
A33 - Muehleisen, Ralph
A34 - Platthotam, Siby
A35 - Reynolds, Matthew
A36 - Robertson, Joseph
A37 - Sayers, Kevin
A38 - Li, Qu
DB - Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI)
DP - Open EI | National Renewable Energy Laboratory
DO - 10.25984/1876417
KW - energy
KW - power
KW - buildings
KW - commercial
KW - residential
KW - electricity
KW - natural gas
KW - load profile
KW - load shape
KW - Building Stock
KW - US Building Stock
KW - building
KW - building science
KW - building efficiency
KW - demand response
KW - EULP
KW - End Use Load Profiles
KW - load
KW - end use
KW - grid flexibility
KW - grid
KW - ResStock
KW - ComStock
KW - models
KW - load profiles
LA - English
DA - 2021/10/14
PY - 2021
PB - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
T1 - End-Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock
UR - https://doi.org/10.25984/1876417
ER -
Wilson, Eric, et al. End-Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 14 October, 2021, Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI). https://doi.org/10.25984/1876417.
Wilson, E., Parker, A., Fontanini, A., Present, E., Reyna, J., Adhikari, R., Bianchi, C., CaraDonna, C., Dahlhausen, M., Kim, J., LeBar, A., Liu, L., Praprost, M., White, P., Zhang, L., DeWitt, P., Merket, N., Speake, A., Hong, T., Li, H., Mims Frick, N., Wang, Z., Blair, A., Horsey, H., Roberts, D., Trenbath, K., Adekanye, O., Bonnema, E., El Kontar, R., Gonzalez, J., Horowitz, S., Jones, D., Muehleisen, R., Platthotam, S., Reynolds, M., Robertson, J., Sayers, K., & Li, Q. (2021). End-Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock. [Data set]. Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI). National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). https://doi.org/10.25984/1876417
Wilson, Eric, Andrew Parker, Anthony Fontanini, Elaina Present, Janet Reyna, Rajendra Adhikari, Carlo Bianchi, Christopher CaraDonna, Matthew Dahlhausen, Janghyun Kim, Amy LeBar, Lixi Liu, Marlena Praprost, Philip White, Liang Zhang, Peter DeWitt, Noel Merket, Andrew Speake, Tianzhen Hong, Han Li, Natalie Mims Frick, Zhe Wang, Aileen Blair, Henry Horsey, David Roberts, Kim Trenbath, Oluwatobi Adekanye, Eric Bonnema, Rawad El Kontar, Jonathan Gonzalez, Scott Horowitz, Dalton Jones, Ralph Muehleisen, Siby Platthotam, Matthew Reynolds, Joseph Robertson, Kevin Sayers, and Qu Li. End-Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), October, 14, 2021. Distributed by Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI). https://doi.org/10.25984/1876417
@misc{OEDI_Dataset_4520,
title = {End-Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock},
author = {Wilson, Eric and Parker, Andrew and Fontanini, Anthony and Present, Elaina and Reyna, Janet and Adhikari, Rajendra and Bianchi, Carlo and CaraDonna, Christopher and Dahlhausen, Matthew and Kim, Janghyun and LeBar, Amy and Liu, Lixi and Praprost, Marlena and White, Philip and Zhang, Liang and DeWitt, Peter and Merket, Noel and Speake, Andrew and Hong, Tianzhen and Li, Han and Mims Frick, Natalie and Wang, Zhe and Blair, Aileen and Horsey, Henry and Roberts, David and Trenbath, Kim and Adekanye, Oluwatobi and Bonnema, Eric and El Kontar, Rawad and Gonzalez, Jonathan and Horowitz, Scott and Jones, Dalton and Muehleisen, Ralph and Platthotam, Siby and Reynolds, Matthew and Robertson, Joseph and Sayers, Kevin and Li, Qu},
abstractNote = {The United States is embarking on an ambitious transition to a 100% clean energy economy by 2050, which will require improving the flexibility of electric grids. One way to achieve grid flexibility is to shed or shift demand to align with changing grid needs. To facilitate this, it is critical to understand how and when energy is used. High quality end-use load profiles (EULPs) provide this information, and can help cities, states, and utilities understand the time-sensitive value of energy efficiency, demand response, and distributed energy resources. Publicly available EULPs have traditionally had limited application because of age and incomplete geographic representation. To help fill this gap, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funded a three-year project, End-Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock, that culminated in this publicly available dataset of calibrated and validated 15-minute resolution load profiles for all major residential and commercial building types and end uses, across all climate regions in the United States. These EULPs were created by calibrating the ResStock and ComStock physics-based building stock models using many different measured datasets, as described in the "Technical Report Documenting Methodology" linked in the submission.},
url = {https://data.openei.org/submissions/4520},
year = {2021},
howpublished = {Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), https://doi.org/10.25984/1876417},
note = {Accessed: 2025-04-23},
doi = {10.25984/1876417}
}
https://dx.doi.org/10.25984/1876417
Details
Data from Oct 14, 2021
Last updated Mar 28, 2024
Submitted May 2, 2022
Organization
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
Contact
NREL Load Profiles Project Team
Authors
Research Areas
Keywords
energy, power, buildings, commercial, residential, electricity, natural gas, load profile, load shape, Building Stock, US Building Stock, building, building science, building efficiency, demand response, EULP, End Use Load Profiles, load, end use, grid flexibility, grid, ResStock, ComStock, models, load profilesDOE Project Details
Project Name End-Use Load Profiles for the U.S. Building Stock
Project Number FY19 AOP 3.4.6.57
