Advanced Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters
This submission contains several papers, a final report, descriptions of a theoretical framework for two types of control systems, and descriptions of eight real-time flap load control policies with the objective of assessing the potential improvement of annual average capture efficiency at a reference site on an MHK device developed by Resolute Marine Energy, Inc. (RME). The submission also contains an LCOE model that estimates the performance and related energy cost improvements that each advanced control system might provide and recommendations for improving DOE's LCOE model.
The two types of control systems are for wave energy converters which transform data into commands that, in the case of RME's OWSC wave energy converter, provide real-time adjustments to damping forces applied to the prime mover via the power take-off system (PTO). The control theories developed were:
1) Model Predictive Control (MPC) or so-called "non-causal" control whereby sensors deployed seaward of a wave energy converter measure incoming wave characteristics and transmit that information to a data processor which issues commands to the PTO to adjust the damping force to an optimal value; and
2) "Causal" control which utilizes local sensors on the wave energy converter itself to transmit information to a data processor which then issues appropriate commands to the PTO.
The two advanced control policies developed by Scruggs and Re Vision were then compared to a simple control policy, Coulomb damping, which was utilized by RME during the two rounds of ocean trials it had conducted prior to the commencement of this project.
The project work plan initially included a provision for RME to conduct hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing of the data processors and configurations of valves, sensors and rectifiers needed to implement the two advanced control systems developed by Scruggs and Re Vision Consulting but the funding for that aspect of the project was cut at the conclusion of Budget Period 1. Accordingly, more work needs to be done to determine: a) means and feasibility of implementing real-time control; and b) added costs associated with such implementation taking into account estimated effects on system availability in addition to component costs.
Citation Formats
TY - DATA
AB - This submission contains several papers, a final report, descriptions of a theoretical framework for two types of control systems, and descriptions of eight real-time flap load control policies with the objective of assessing the potential improvement of annual average capture efficiency at a reference site on an MHK device developed by Resolute Marine Energy, Inc. (RME). The submission also contains an LCOE model that estimates the performance and related energy cost improvements that each advanced control system might provide and recommendations for improving DOE's LCOE model.
The two types of control systems are for wave energy converters which transform data into commands that, in the case of RME's OWSC wave energy converter, provide real-time adjustments to damping forces applied to the prime mover via the power take-off system (PTO). The control theories developed were:
1) Model Predictive Control (MPC) or so-called "non-causal" control whereby sensors deployed seaward of a wave energy converter measure incoming wave characteristics and transmit that information to a data processor which issues commands to the PTO to adjust the damping force to an optimal value; and
2) "Causal" control which utilizes local sensors on the wave energy converter itself to transmit information to a data processor which then issues appropriate commands to the PTO.
The two advanced control policies developed by Scruggs and Re Vision were then compared to a simple control policy, Coulomb damping, which was utilized by RME during the two rounds of ocean trials it had conducted prior to the commencement of this project.
The project work plan initially included a provision for RME to conduct hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing of the data processors and configurations of valves, sensors and rectifiers needed to implement the two advanced control systems developed by Scruggs and Re Vision Consulting but the funding for that aspect of the project was cut at the conclusion of Budget Period 1. Accordingly, more work needs to be done to determine: a) means and feasibility of implementing real-time control; and b) added costs associated with such implementation taking into account estimated effects on system availability in addition to component costs.
AU - Scruggs, Jeffrey
A2 - Previsic, Mirko
A3 - Staby, William
A4 - Karthikeyan, Anantha
A5 - Previsic, Mirko
DB - Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI)
DP - Open EI | National Renewable Energy Laboratory
DO - 10.15473/1498298
KW - MHK
KW - Marine
KW - Hydrokinetic
KW - energy
KW - power
KW - control systems
KW - causal control
KW - non-causal control
KW - LCOE
KW - Coulomb
KW - WEC
KW - model predictive control
KW - feedforward controls
KW - wave
KW - converter
KW - model
KW - predicted
KW - control
KW - code
KW - SWAN
KW - WWIII
KW - MPC
KW - PTO
KW - power-take-off
KW - receding-horizon
KW - predictive
KW - RME
KW - Surge
KW - OWSC
KW - oscillating
KW - technology
KW - causal
KW - non-causal
KW - coulomb damping
KW - simple
KW - system
KW - comparison
KW - economics
KW - cost
KW - stochastic
KW - ocean
KW - methodology
KW - report
KW - Resolute Marine
KW - surge converter
KW - Re Vision Consulting
LA - English
DA - 2017/01/30
PY - 2017
PB - Resolute Marine Energy, Inc.
T1 - Advanced Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters
UR - https://doi.org/10.15473/1498298
ER -
Scruggs, Jeffrey, et al. Advanced Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters. Resolute Marine Energy, Inc., 30 January, 2017, MHKDR. https://doi.org/10.15473/1498298.
Scruggs, J., Previsic, M., Staby, W., Karthikeyan, A., & Previsic, M. (2017). Advanced Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters. [Data set]. MHKDR. Resolute Marine Energy, Inc.. https://doi.org/10.15473/1498298
Scruggs, Jeffrey, Mirko Previsic, William Staby, Anantha Karthikeyan, and Mirko Previsic. Advanced Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters. Resolute Marine Energy, Inc., January, 30, 2017. Distributed by MHKDR. https://doi.org/10.15473/1498298
@misc{OEDI_Dataset_7857,
title = {Advanced Control Systems for Wave Energy Converters},
author = {Scruggs, Jeffrey and Previsic, Mirko and Staby, William and Karthikeyan, Anantha and Previsic, Mirko},
abstractNote = {This submission contains several papers, a final report, descriptions of a theoretical framework for two types of control systems, and descriptions of eight real-time flap load control policies with the objective of assessing the potential improvement of annual average capture efficiency at a reference site on an MHK device developed by Resolute Marine Energy, Inc. (RME). The submission also contains an LCOE model that estimates the performance and related energy cost improvements that each advanced control system might provide and recommendations for improving DOE's LCOE model.
The two types of control systems are for wave energy converters which transform data into commands that, in the case of RME's OWSC wave energy converter, provide real-time adjustments to damping forces applied to the prime mover via the power take-off system (PTO). The control theories developed were:
1) Model Predictive Control (MPC) or so-called "non-causal" control whereby sensors deployed seaward of a wave energy converter measure incoming wave characteristics and transmit that information to a data processor which issues commands to the PTO to adjust the damping force to an optimal value; and
2) "Causal" control which utilizes local sensors on the wave energy converter itself to transmit information to a data processor which then issues appropriate commands to the PTO.
The two advanced control policies developed by Scruggs and Re Vision were then compared to a simple control policy, Coulomb damping, which was utilized by RME during the two rounds of ocean trials it had conducted prior to the commencement of this project.
The project work plan initially included a provision for RME to conduct hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing of the data processors and configurations of valves, sensors and rectifiers needed to implement the two advanced control systems developed by Scruggs and Re Vision Consulting but the funding for that aspect of the project was cut at the conclusion of Budget Period 1. Accordingly, more work needs to be done to determine: a) means and feasibility of implementing real-time control; and b) added costs associated with such implementation taking into account estimated effects on system availability in addition to component costs.
},
url = {https://mhkdr.openei.org/submissions/171},
year = {2017},
howpublished = {MHKDR, Resolute Marine Energy, Inc., https://doi.org/10.15473/1498298},
note = {Accessed: 2025-05-03},
doi = {10.15473/1498298}
}
https://dx.doi.org/10.15473/1498298
Details
Data from Jan 30, 2017
Last updated Jan 31, 2022
Submitted Jan 31, 2017
Organization
Resolute Marine Energy, Inc.
Contact
Bill Staby
Authors
Original Source
https://mhkdr.openei.org/submissions/171Research Areas
Keywords
MHK, Marine, Hydrokinetic, energy, power, control systems, causal control, non-causal control, LCOE, Coulomb, WEC, model predictive control, feedforward controls, wave, converter, model, predicted, control, code, SWAN, WWIII, MPC, PTO, power-take-off, receding-horizon, predictive, RME, Surge, OWSC, oscillating, technology, causal, non-causal, coulomb damping, simple, system, comparison, economics, cost, stochastic, ocean, methodology, report, Resolute Marine, surge converter, Re Vision ConsultingDOE Project Details
Project Name Optimal Control of a Surge-Mode WEC in Random Waves
Project Lead Alison LaBonte
Project Number EE0006402